Page 213 - 1915, Springs of CA.

CAEBONATED SPEINGS. 197

about 100 yards along the mountain side and down the slope to Cache
Creek, 75 feet below. Water still issues along the upper edge of the
deposit from a number of seepages and from three pools about a foot
in diameter and 15 and 75 yards apart. These yield a total of per-
haps 3 gallons a minute of water, 67° to 70° in temperature, which
tastes strongly of hydrogen sulphide, carbon dioxide, and common
salt. The taste of hydrogen sulphide is the most noticeable and the
springs are locally known as sulphur springs, but they are here classed
with the carbonated springs because of the prominent lime carbonate
deposit that has been formed. Along the side of the mountain, about
250 yards west of south from the main deposit, another seepage area
several yards wide is crusted with lime carbonate, but in July, 1910,
no water was seen.
ALUM SPRING (LAKE 26).
Alum Spring seeps from a claylike layer in bedded gravel and
volcanic ash, beneath a small bank on the side of a ravine at the
southwest base of Chalk Mountain, and about one-third of a mile
south of the carbonated springs just described. The water tastes
sour and astringent, and considerable efflorescence of alum salts
forms on the bank and on the slope below it. The flow of the spring
is small and is probably supplied by surface water, but it appears to
be continuous. Although it is not a noticeably carbonated spring, it
is described with the other springs on Chalk Mountain, for in general
character it appears to resemble them. At the main springs sulphides
and hydrogen sulphide are apparently in solution in addition to carbon
dioxide, whereas at Alum Spring acid sulphates and probably free sul-
phuric acid are formed. None of the springs on the mountain have
been used, but they are known locally and are occasionally visited
as points of interest.
HOUGH SPRINGS (LAKE 13).
Hough Springs (PI. VI, A, p. 92) are situated in the canyon of North
Fork of Cache Creek, on the stage road from Williams to Bartlett
Springs (Lake 9, p. 200). The property has long been improved as a
summer resort. In 1910 a hotel and about a dozen cottages, situated
in a recess at the base of the hill slopes, furnished accommodations
for 100 people, while camp grounds and a supply store allowed pro-
vision for many more.
There are two springs on the property, one being known as the
Soda and Iron Spring, the other as the Magnesia Spring. The for-
mer is at the base of steep slopes about 125 yards south of the
hotel. A basin has been formed at this spring by excavating be-
neath the base of a considerable deposit of lime carbonate. This
basin is protected by a cement wall and by a roof, and yields a small