Page 157 - 1915, Springs of CA.

HOT SPRINGS. 141
point for outing parties from camps on the lower slopes. (See PI.
XI.) As these springs are only 3 miles from the craters formed in
June, 1914, their character probably has also been changed.

SOUPAN HOT SPRINGS (SHASTA 15).
Soupan Hot Springs are about 2£ miles directly west of Bumpass
Hot Springs, on the western side of the main canyon of Mill Creek,
which is separated from the Bumpass springs by a divide only about
100 feet high. The springs yield a small amount of hot water similar
in character to that of the Bumpass springs but are of interest
chiefly because of the neighboring deposits of sulphur. These
deposits were at one time prospected and the pits are still locally
known as the "sulphur works," but they were never worked on a
commercial scale and have long been abandoned.
Soupan Hot Springs, like the Bumpass springs, are in an area of
altered lava, but apparently only the older Neocene lava of Lassen
Peak is exposed. A carbonated spring (Shasta 14, p. 227) that issues
about 1^ miles north of Soupan Hot Springs, is of geologic interest,
for its presence indicates that much of the bubbling at the hot
springs of the vicinity may be due to carbon dioxide instead of steam.

DEVILS KITCHEN (PLTTMAS 1).
At the head of Hot Spring Valley is an area called the Devils
Kitchen in which the lava has been extensively altered by solf ataric
action in a way similar to that observed at the Bumpass and the
Soupan springs. The Kitchen differs somewhat in position from
these other hot springs, however, as it is in the bottom of the stream
canyon and is bordered by cliff-like walls. Numerous bubbling
and sputtering pools form "paint pots" and mud cones over the
bottom, which is about 200 yards across and is in many places floored
by a treacherous crust that overlies scalding mud. Steam issues
from many large vents around the border of the area, and in cool
weather the clouds of vapor make an interesting and unusual sight.
The analysis of water from a large pool near the center of the area
shows that it is only moderately mineralized in regard to total con-
tent, but the large proportion of silica, sulphate, and of tertiary
salinity makes it a very unusual water. The wide differences in
character shown by the following chemical analyses of the three
hot springs in the Lassen Peak region are of special interest.